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Green Software Foundation

A Linux Foundation standards body for measuring and cutting the energy, carbon and water footprint of software, best known for the Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) specification, now ISO/IEC 21031:2024.

1 projects in this catalogPart of the Linux FoundationWebsite

What it is

Accenture, GitHub, Microsoft and ThoughtWorks launched the Green Software Foundation (GSF) on May 25, 2021, “with the Linux Foundation and the Joint Development Foundation Projects LLC”. Legally it is not a separate non-profit but a series of that LLC, a Linux Foundation affiliate built to host standards work: its charter names it “Joint Development Foundation Projects, LLC, Green Software Foundation Series”. So it sits under the LF the way GraphQL’s specification and FOCUS do, with its own charter, membership agreement and intellectual-property rules, and the copyright on its specifications belongs to that series.

Organisations join as Steering or General members; in 2026 the steering members were Accenture, Google, NTT DATA, Siemens and UBS, and nearly 70 organisations were members in all. A Steering Committee, chaired since 2025 by Gadhu Sundaram of NTT DATA, sets direction and ratifies standards, and each member organisation has one vote in a working group whatever its size. The work happens in working groups: Software Standards and, since 2025, Hardware Standards write specifications, while others run open-source tools, policy research and the community. Asim Hussain led the foundation as chair and then executive director until March 2026; Navveen Balani, who co-chaired the SCI for AI work, became executive director on May 6, 2026.

For someone choosing technology, a GSF badge marks a measurement method or a tool for applying one, not a runtime you deploy. The foundation’s position is to cut emissions at the source rather than offset them, so its specifications deliberately ignore renewable energy certificates and offsets. It has no project maturity levels that apply across its catalogue: specifications move through a seven-step lifecycle from proposal to published, while its open-source tools have been labelled graduated, maintained or retired.

Its projects in this catalog

In depth

How a specification is made#

The projects page lists these steps for every standard. In October 2026 the SCI and the Real Time Energy and Carbon Standard for Cloud Providers (RTC) were published, SCI for AI and SOFT ratified, SCI for Web a draft, and the energy and water intensity specifications pre-drafts.

Proposal

1

Gather requirements, define the scope and check that the problem is real.

Pre-draft

2

Research and analysis, ending in a preliminary technical draft.

Draft

3

A full specification with structured sections.

Consistency review

4

Peers and stakeholders review it and it is refined.

Working group approval

5

The working group signs it off.

Ratification

6

The Steering Committee formally approves it for public release.

Published

7

Released to the public, then maintained with feedback.

Beyond the SCI#

The SCI is a formula for a rate, carbon per unit of work, so other projects grew around it. Impact Framework, an MIT-licensed TypeScript tool, runs pipelines of plugins over a YAML manifest to turn observations such as CPU use into energy and carbon estimates; it graduated in 2024. The Carbon Aware SDK, released in 2022, tells software when and where the grid is cleanest so batch work can be shifted. SCI for AI, ratified in 2025, extends the method to the training and use of AI models.

In 2025 and 2026 the scope widened from carbon to energy, water and hardware: the SOFT framework for organisations, work on Software Energy Intensity (SEI) and Software Water Intensity (SWI), and a Hardware Standards working group after the SSIA merged into the foundation. The free Green Software Practitioner course had more than 130,000 completions by 2025.

Where it came from2021–2026

The foundation was announced on May 25, 2021, by Accenture, GitHub, Microsoft and ThoughtWorks, with Goldman Sachs and the non-profits Leaders for Climate Action, WattTime and The Green Web Foundation joining soon after. Its stated aim was to help the ICT sector cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 45% by 2030, in line with the Paris Agreement, by building “a trusted ecosystem of people, standards, tooling and leading practices”. NTT DATA joined in September 2021 as the first steering member from Asia.

Its first big job was the Software Carbon Intensity specification. An alpha came out in December 2021, and version 1.0 was announced at the foundation’s Decarbonize Software event during COP27 in November 2022, alongside the Green Software Patterns catalogue and the Carbon Aware SDK. The specification was submitted to ISO/IEC JTC 1 and published as ISO/IEC 21031:2024, the first international standard for scoring the carbon of software.

By 2025 the foundation had 68 members and ratified four specifications in a year: SOFT, Impact Framework, Policy Radar and SCI for AI. It set up a Hardware Standards working group and began work on energy and water intensity. In 2026 Amadeus transferred its Carmen carbon measurement engine to the foundation, and the new executive director, Navveen Balani, presented a vision that covers water, energy and waste as well as carbon.

Why it’s built this way

A Joint Development Foundation series, not a directed fund
The JDF gives a specification body ready-made IP rules and a path to formal standards bodies, which the foundation used to take the SCI to ISO/IEC.
Measure a rate, not a total
A total grows with success. The SCI divides emissions by a functional unit such as an API call or a user, so a team can show improvement while the product grows.
Elimination, not offsets
The SCI excludes offsets and market-based instruments such as renewable energy certificates, so the only way to lower a score is to use less energy, run on cleaner grids or use less hardware.
One vote per member organisation
Working group decisions are by consensus, with each member organisation counting the same, so the founding companies cannot outvote smaller members on a standard.

Timeline

  1. 2021

    Launched May 25 by Accenture, GitHub, Microsoft and ThoughtWorks; SCI alpha in December

  2. 2022

    SCI 1.0, the Carbon Aware SDK and the Green Software Patterns catalogue announced during COP27

  3. 2024

    SCI published as ISO/IEC 21031:2024; SCI 1.1 in October; Impact Framework graduates

  4. 2025

    SOFT, Impact Framework, Policy Radar and SCI for AI ratified; Hardware Standards working group formed

  5. 2026

    Asim Hussain steps down in March; Navveen Balani becomes executive director on May 6

Sources · facts checked 2026-10-28

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